Widgets 13 | DropdownButton
In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the DropdownButton in the flutter.
result
Before Start
Before starting our tutorial, I will create a page to contain our code.
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import "package:flutter/material.dart";
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import 'package:flutter_widgets/const/_const.dart';
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​
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class DropDownButtonPage extends StatefulWidget {
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@override
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_DropDownButtonState createState() => _DropDownButtonState();
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}
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​
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class _DropDownButtonState extends State<DropDownButtonPage> {
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(
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title: Text(PageName.DROP_DOWN_BUTTON),
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),
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body: SingleChildScrollView(
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child: Column(
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children: <Widget>[
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//our code.
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SizedBox(height: 600)
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],
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),
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),
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);
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}
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}
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It will show an empty page and I will put the code in the
children.
Simple Use
So let's look at our first simple about the
DropDownButton.1
DropdownButton _normalDown() => DropdownButton<String>(
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items: [
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DropdownMenuItem(
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value: "1",
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child: Text(
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"First",
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),
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),
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DropdownMenuItem(
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value: "2",
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child: Text(
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"Second",
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),
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),
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],
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onChanged: (value) {
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setState(() {
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_value = value;
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});
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},
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value: _value,
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);
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When we click the button, it will show you in the picture as below. It is very useful to our
Constructor
As common, Let's look at the constructor of the
DropdownButton.1
DropdownButton({
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Key key,
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@required this.items,
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this.value,
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this.hint,
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this.disabledHint,
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@required this.onChanged,
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this.elevation = 8,
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this.style,
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this.iconSize = 24.0,
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this.isDense = false,
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this.isExpanded = false,
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})
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So let's look at the parameters step by step.
items
We have used this parameter above, but we don't really know it. When we see its definition, we know it is a list.
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final List<DropdownMenuItem<T>> items;
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Then we look at the constructor of the
DropdownMenuItem. 1
const DropdownMenuItem({
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Key key,
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this.value,
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@required this.child,
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})
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You need to know that the
T is a common class, usually, it is the type of your data. Such as String, double. The value will be this class same as the T. The child will show in the menu. It is a widget, I use a Text in the fore example. In this example, I will use a Row to show you.1
DropdownButton _itemDown() => DropdownButton<String>(
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items: [
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DropdownMenuItem(
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value: "1",
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child: Row(
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mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
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children: <Widget>[
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Icon(Icons.build),
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SizedBox(width: 10),
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Text(
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"build",
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),
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],
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),
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),
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DropdownMenuItem(
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value: "2",
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child: Row(
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mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
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children: <Widget>[
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Icon(Icons.settings),
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SizedBox(width: 10),
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Text(
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"Setting",
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),
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],
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),
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),
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],
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onChanged: (value) {
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setState(() {
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_value = value;
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});
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},
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value: _value,
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isExpanded: true,
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);
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It will show you as follows. You should notice
isExpanded == true. It will expand the menu. When you click it, it will show you the right one.
But you should care about that the _value should be initiated with a valid value. In the above code, we have two choices,
1, 2. var _value = "1";If you set it to other value, such _value ="3".It will occur such error. 1
I/flutter ( 4147): 'package:flutter/src/material/dropdown.dart': Failed assertion: 'items == null ||
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I/flutter ( 4147): value == null || items.where((DropdownMenuItem<T> item) => item.value == value).length == 1': is not
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I/flutter ( 4147): true.
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hint&disabledHint
If you do not set value, it will show a widget in the default state. Let's look at the code with not setting the
value parameter.1
DropdownButton _hintDown() => DropdownButton<String>(
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items: [
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DropdownMenuItem<String>(
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value: "1",
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child: Text(
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"First",
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),
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),
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DropdownMenuItem<String>(
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value: "2",
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child: Text(
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"Second",
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),
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),
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],
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onChanged: (value) {
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print("value: $value");
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},
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hint: Text(
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"Please select the number!",
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style: TextStyle(
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color: TEXT_BLACK,
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),
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),
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);
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It will show you like this.
If we set
onChange or items to null, I will show the disabledHint.1
DropdownButton _hint2Down() => DropdownButton<String>(
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items: null,
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onChanged: null,
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disabledHint: Text("You can't select anything."),
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);
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style
In this part, I will give an example of many parameters, which are very easy to understand. These parameters are below.
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this.elevation = 8,
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this.style,
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this.iconSize = 24.0,
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this.isDense = false,
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So let's look at the example.
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DropdownButton _normal2Down() => DropdownButton<String>(
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items: [
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DropdownMenuItem<String>(
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value: "1",
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child: Text(
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"First",
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),
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),
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DropdownMenuItem<String>(
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value: "2",
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child: Text(
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"Second",
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),
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),
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],
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onChanged: (value) {
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setState(() {
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_value = value;
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});
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},
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value: _value,
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elevation: 2,
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style: TextStyle(color: PURPLE, fontSize: 30),
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isDense: true,
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iconSize: 40.0,
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);
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The
elevation controls the shadow of the menu, we have used it so many time, so I will not tell this again in the other widgets. The style controls the Text in the menu. The isDense will reduce the height of the button. The iconSize controls the size of the triangle-arrow. The result is below.
Conclusion
Today, we have learned the
DropdownButton. It just jumps out a menu to select. It is easy to understand, but need care about the value must be in the range of values of the items.Thanks for your reading!
The end.
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Last modified 2yr ago